Swimming upstream: addressing fossil fuel supply under the UNFCCC     

Georgia Piggot  Peter Erickson  Harro van Asselt  Michael Lazarus 《Climate Policy》2018,18(9):1189-1202

Reducing fossil fuel supply is necessary to meet the Paris Agreement goal to keep warming ‘well below 2°C’, yet the Agreement is silent on the topic of fossil fuels. This article outlines reasons why it is important that Parties to the Agreement find ways to more explicitly address the phasing out of fossil fuel production under the UNFCCC. It describes how countries aiming to keep fossil fuel supply in line with Paris goals could articulate and report their actions within the current architecture of the Agreement. It also outlines specific mechanisms of the Paris Agreement through which issues related to the curtailment of fossil fuel supply can be addressed. Mapping out a transition away from fossil fuels – and facilitating this transition under the auspices of the UNFCCC process – can enhance the ambition and effectiveness of national and international climate mitigation efforts.

Key policy insights

• The international commitment to limit global average temperature increases to ‘well below 2°C’ provides a strong rationale for Parties to the Paris Agreement and the UNFCCC to pursue a phase-down in fossil fuel production, not just consumption.

• Several countries have already made commitments to address fossil fuel supply, by agreeing to phase down coal or oil exploration and production.

• Integrating these commitments into the UNFCCC process would link them to global climate goals, and ensure they form part of a broader global effort to transition away from fossil fuels.

• The Paris Agreement provides a number of new opportunities for Parties to address fossil fuel production.

  相似文献   

The community morphology of skilled migration: the changing role of voluntary and community organisations (VCOs) in the grounding of British migrant identities in Paris (France)     

Sam Scott 《Geoforum》2007,38(4):655-676

Research into skilled migrant communities tends to emphasize the grounding of identities through transnationalism and mobility. Less research has been conducted into how skilled migrants actually ground their identities within the city through everyday social networks. The paper addresses this imbalance by examining the changing significance of British voluntary and community organisations (VCOs) in Paris, France. Combining qualitative and quantitative data, findings show local migrant networks to be important focal points for the British even though migrants’ lives may increasingly be transnational in orientation. The research also shows that in situ social networks are evolving. Specifically, traditional forms of elite expatriate communality are not as omnipotent as they once were, with the popularity of some high-profile British VCOs in Paris declining over recent decades. The paper argues that the link between social dynamism and communal morphology helps explain this shift: as British middle-class lifestyles have fragmented, and as the British migrant population in Paris has grown in scale and scope, so the range of VCOs and associated informal networks has grown. Whilst some skilled migrants still embed within traditional expatriate organisations, Britishness is increasingly grounded elsewhere; both within the city through alternative social networks, and located beyond the city through transnational ties.  相似文献   

Relations entre production organique et apports terrigènes dans les sédiments fluviatiles holocènes : observations et conclusions hétérodoxes     

Jean-Jacques Macaire  Christian Di-Giovanni  Florent Hinschberger 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2005,337(8):735-744

Accumulation of organic matter in fens of fluvial valleys is often related to a low terrigenous matter delivery and to palaeoenvironmental conditions inducing low mechanical erosion. These assumptions come from the interpretation of contents in organic (MO) and mineral (MM) matters in sediments, expressed in percents, and then exactly anticorrelated. Calculation of mass accumulation rates of MO $(T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MO}}})$ and MM $(T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MM}}})$, expressed in g?m^?2?yr^?1, shows that $T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MO}}}$ and $T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MM}}}$ generally are not anticorrelated and that high values of $T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MO}}}$ and $T_{{\mathrm{a}}_{\mathrm{MM}}}$ could appear simultaneously. That expression of MO and MM accumulation makes it possible to precise the climatic and human impact on sedimentation. To cite this article: J.-J. Macaire et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).  相似文献   

The working class, minorities and housing in Paris, the rise of fragmentations     

Catherine Rhein 《GeoJournal》1998,46(1):51-62

Which places are left to minorities in the housing and labour markets in metropolitan Paris? Over the last two decades, job structures have evolved dramatically, eroding the formerly prominent Paris working-class, shaking the social and political roots of its identity. These indicators would lead one to diagnose a growing fragmentation of metropolitan society. In the political debate, the burning issue of the crisis of suburbs has replaced outdated debate of the class struggle. This paper aims first to re-examine the interactions between social status and national origins, then analyses the housing conditions of different social strata, and finally demonstrates the pre-eminence of social status over national origins in the pattern of residential segregation.  相似文献   

Maquiladora Myths: Locational and Structural Change in Mexico's Export Manufacturing Industry     

Ian MacLachlan  Adrian Guillermo Aguilar 《The Professional geographer》1998,50(3):315-331

Trends in location, labor force, and procurement practices in maquiladoras are examined using recent data sources. A growing proportion of maquiladoras are selecting interior locations, south of the borderlands. Once dominated by young women, the labor force is rapidly approaching gender parity. While far below prevailing rates in the United States, maquiladora wages are comparable with equivalent manufacturing sectors in Mexico. Majority ownership of maquiladoras is split almost evenly between Mexico and the U.S., however, maquiladoras have failed to develop domestic sources of materials and parts and remain dependent on imported material inputs. As the North American Free Trade Agreement is phased in, the regulatory environment of maquiladoras will change but their role as low cost assembly specialists will persist.  相似文献   

法国巴黎区的规划与整治及其对上海建设的启示   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曾刚 《世界地理研究》1997,(2)

本文对法国巴黎区城市膨胀扩展过程、城市规划指导思想由同心圆模式向轴线发展模式、由单个要素转移到郊区城市综合功能开发转变的原因进行了分析，并对以巴黎城市副中心和郊区新城建设等为主要内容的城市规划经验教训进行了介绍和总结。在此基础上，结合上海市经济社会发展的条件和目标，分析了上海市规划中存在的郊区城市规模小、城市工业“空洞化”、城市建设政策措施协调配套以及浦东建设项目利用效益低下等几个城市建设面临的主要问题，并提出了相应的改进建议。  相似文献   

Transgressions-régressions, variations eustatiques et influences tectoniques de l'Aptien au Maastrichtien dans le Bassin de Paris occidental et sur la bordure du Massif armoricain     

P. Juignet 《Cretaceous Research》1980,1(4):341-357

La série sédimentaire du Crétacé moyen et supérieur étudiée dans l'Ouest du Bassin de Paris et sur la bordure du Massif armoricain comporte sept pulsations transgressives qui peuvent être reconnues en fonction de la disposition géomètrique des dépôts et de l'enchaînement vertical des faciès.Les épisodes transgressifs atteignent leur phase paroxysmale, en alternance avec des stades de régression, successivement:

1. (1) à la fin de l'Aptien supérieur —(régression début Albien)

2. (2) au milieu de l'Albien supérieur —(régression fin Albien-début Cénomanien)

3. (3) au milieu du Cénomanien inférieur —(régression fin Cénomanien inférieur)

4. (4) à la fin du Cénomanien moyen —(régression fin Cénomanien)

5. (5) au milieu du Turonien inférieur —(régression du Coniacien)

6. (6) au Santonien puis Campanien —(régression fin Campanien)

7. (7) au Maestrichtien —(régression fin Maastrichtien)

Ces dépôts crétacés présentent une succession de séquences séparées par des discontinuités et des surfaces d'érosion plus ou moins marquées. Les caractères et la répartition de ces séquences sont analysés en domaine de sédimentation terrigène littorale et dans le bassin envahi par la craie. Il est alors tenté d'interpréter les variations bathymétriques d'une part en fonction d'évènements tectoniques locaux, d'autre part en relation avec des variations eustatiques plus générales.Middle and Upper Cretaceous deposits studied in the western Paris Basin and on the Armorican Massif margin show seven transgressive pulses that can be detected in the geometrical arrangement of the sedimentary bodies and the vertical succession of facies.The transgressive episodes, each delimited by a regressive phase, reached their peak during:

1. (1) late Late Aptian —(Early Albian regression)

2. (2) mid Late Albian —(Late Albian-Early Cenomanian regression)

3. (3) mid Early Cenomanian —(late Early Cenomanian regression)

4. (4) late Middle Cenomanian —(Late Cenomanian regression)

5. (5) mid Early Turonian —(Coniacian regression)

6. (6) Santonian-Campanian —(Late Campanian regression)

7. (7) Maastrichtian —(Late Maastrichtian regression)

The Cretaceous sediments occur as a series of sequences, separated by more or less important discontinuities and erosion surfaces. The features and distribution of these sequences have been studied in the nearshore region of terrigenous sedimentation and in the Chalk basin. An attempt is made to relate the bathymetric changes to either tectonic movements or more widespread eustatic oscillations.  相似文献   

The Vigny limestones: a record of Palaeocene (Danian) tectonic-sedimentary events in the Paris Basin     

Christian Montenat  Pascal Barrier  Philippe Ott D'Estevou 《Sedimentology》2002,49(3):421-440

Danian marine sedimentation in the Paris Basin occurred between two major erosional phases. The earlier was responsible for the stripping of presumably deposited Maastrichtian sediments and of a variable thickness of Campanian chalk. The later occurred during the late Palaeocene and resulted in the erosion of almost all Danian deposits, which are now limited to small and scattered outcrops. One of these outcrops corresponds to reefal and peri‐reefal limestones of middle to late Danian age, exposed in the quarries of Vigny (NW of Paris). Danian deposits here show intricate relations with the surrounding Campanian chalk. Danian sedimentation was contemporaneous with faulting, which generated signifiant sea‐floor relief and resulted in contrasting depositional areas: topographic highs with coralgal reefs, and depressions where calcirudite channel fill accumulated. Normal faulting occurred along WNW–ESE master faults. The generation of submarine fault scarps gave rise to various types of gravity‐driven phenomena, including the sliding and slumping of large blocks of reefal limestone and the deposition of carbonate debris flows. Along with the redeposition of the Danian carbonates, flows of fluidized and reworked Campanian chalk resulted from the peculiar physical properties of the undercompacted chalks. Erosion and faulting occurred predominantly during the Palaeocene and represent a major episode in the physiographic evolution of the Paris Basin.  相似文献   

巴黎大都市区商业的发展及其新近的变化   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

Metton  A 江洪良 《地理研究》1993,12(3):114-118

阐述了近二十年来巴黎大都市区商业所经历的巨大增长和迅速变化。  相似文献   

全球碳排放空间约束条件下美国退出《巴黎协定》对中欧日碳排放空间和减排成本的影响     

戴瀚程  张海滨  王文涛 《气候变化研究进展》2017,13(5):428-438

应用全球多部门、多区域动态可计算一般均衡（CGE）模型,采用情景分析方法,评估美国退出《巴黎协定》后,由于其碳排放路径的变化对国际气候谈判中的3个重要谈判方中国、欧盟和日本实现国家自主贡献（NDC）和2℃目标情景下碳排放空间和减排成本的影响。结果表明：在全球碳排放固定且分配方式固定的条件下,美国不同程度的退约将为自身获得较大的碳排放空间,同时挤压其他地区,包括中国、欧盟和日本实现NDC和2℃目标的碳排放空间,将推高中国、欧盟和日本实现NDC和2℃目标的碳价。2030年,2℃目标下中国碳价的升幅将达4.4~14.6美元/t,欧盟为9.7~35.4美元/t,日本为16.0~53.5美元/t。同时将增加中国、欧盟和日本等其他国家和地区的GDP损失。2030年,2℃目标下中国GDP损失的升幅将达220.0亿~711.0亿美元（相当于16.4~53.1美元/人）,欧盟为93.5亿~321.4亿美元（相当于20.7~71.1美元/人）,日本为41.3亿~134.5亿美元（相当于34.3~111.7美元/人）。  相似文献